{"id":5458,"date":"2019-10-17T19:49:53","date_gmt":"2019-10-17T23:49:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/69.167.168.176\/~phillips\/kerriansnotebook\/kerriansnotebook\/?p=5458"},"modified":"2025-05-22T12:25:37","modified_gmt":"2025-05-22T16:25:37","slug":"kn-p-245-was-it-burglary-or-robbery-and-other-questions-answered","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pattiphillipsbooks.com\/kerriansnotebook\/2019\/10\/kn-p-245-was-it-burglary-or-robbery-and-other-questions-answered\/","title":{"rendered":"KN, p. 245  &#8220;Was It Burglary or Robbery?&#8221; and other questions answered"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><em><span style=\"color: #800000;\">If there are no paragraph separations in this article, please double-click on the title to create a more readable version.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pattiphillipsbooks.com\/kerriansnotebook\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/KNnewBanner.jpg.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5459\" src=\"https:\/\/pattiphillipsbooks.com\/kerriansnotebook\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/KNnewBanner.jpg-300x75.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pattiphillipsbooks.com\/kerriansnotebook\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/KNnewBanner.jpg-300x75.png 300w, https:\/\/pattiphillipsbooks.com\/kerriansnotebook\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/KNnewBanner.jpg-768x192.png 768w, https:\/\/pattiphillipsbooks.com\/kerriansnotebook\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/KNnewBanner.jpg.png 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Crime scene investigations have a few terms associated with them that are sometimes misused or misunderstood. Check out some accepted legal definitions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Robbery or Burglary?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Robbery<\/strong> is a crime where someone takes an item without permission directly from someone else, without any intention of giving it back, and does this by force or threat of force. The wording of the criminal act may differ slightly from State to State.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">A <strong>burglary <\/strong>occurs when someone enters a home or business illegally, intending to steal an item or commit a felony while inside the building.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">While you might think that robbery and burglary are talking about the same act \u2013 a theft of your property \u2013 they are indicative of different circumstances. In a robbery, someone actually came and took something from you (often face-to-face), perhaps threatening you while demanding your money or cellphone. But, a burglary occurs when you are not present, like a break-in and theft at your house while you\u2019re at work.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong>Assault or Battery?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>A<\/strong>ssault and <strong>B<\/strong>attery are sometimes used interchangeably but refer to different legal occurrences. <strong>Assault<\/strong> is when a person is threatened with attack (someone says they will hit the targeted person), and battery takes place when a person is physically attacked (someone hits him\/her).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Battery <\/strong>is the unlawful use of force resulting in the injury of someone else. Battery always includes assault.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong>Civil or Criminal Cases?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Civil Actions <\/strong>are brought before the court to protect and enforce private rights.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Criminal Law <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">determines what is criminal behavior and sets punishment to be imposed for that criminal behavior. The idea behind criminal law is to prevent harm to society.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong>Murder or Homicide or Manslaughter?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Homicide<\/strong> is a legal term for any killing of a human being by another human being and is not always a crime. Hearings are held to determine whether shooting deaths are justifiable killings in self-defense. Murder and manslaughter fall under the category of unlawful homicides.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Murder <\/strong>is an intentional killing when it is:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">unlawful (not legally justified), and<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">committed with &#8220;malice aforethought.&#8221;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u201cMalice aforethought\u201d means that the killer intended to kill someone without legal justification. But, in some jurisdictions, malice aforethought can also be in place if the perpetrator causes the victim&#8217;s death during an intentional beating or other reckless disregard for life \u2013 even if the original intent had not been to kill, but do bodily harm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Voluntary Manslaughter occurs when a person:<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">is strongly provoked in a situation that could provoke any reasonable person and<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">kills in a heat of passion caused by that extreme frustration.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Interesting to note that for the \u201cheat of passion\u201d defense to hold up in court, the person must not have had time to \u201ccool off\u201d after being provoked. Example: a husband comes home to find his wife committing adultery and is so incensed that he kills the lover right then.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">But, in that same scenario, if the husband chases the lover out of the house, then buys a gun, and only after a few hours goes to the guy\u2019s house and shoots him, that might be considered premeditated murder. He had time to cool off and consider his options before the shooting.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Involuntary Manslaughter<\/strong> often refers to unintentional homicide from criminally negligent or reckless conduct. It can also refer to an unintentional killing through commission of a crime other than a felony.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Manslaughter convictions often result in prison time, depending on the jurisdiction&#8217;s laws, as well as the judge\/jury assessment of the circumstances and the credibility of the person on trial.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Determining <strong>State of Mind<\/strong> at the time of the alleged crime is an important component to deciding whether unintentional second degree murder or involuntary manslaughter has been committed. In general, the decision centers on whether the defendant has been found ethically responsible.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong>Deposition or testimony?<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">During a <strong>deposition, <\/strong>witness testimony is given under oath, just not in a courtroom. A deposition is not conducted in front of the Judge or the Jury. Information gathered during a deposition can be used to discover evidence that the opposing side has prior to the trial date.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Testimony <\/strong>given either in court or at the deposition is equally legally bound by perjury laws. You can\u2019t lie under oath without consequence, some quite severe.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Barrister or<\/strong> <strong>Solicitor?<\/strong><\/span> (in England and Wales)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Up until recently, only <strong>barristers<\/strong> had an exclusive right to plead in all English and Welsh courts. Barristers are not paid directly by the clients.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Until recently, clients could only hire (and pay) <strong>solicitors<\/strong>, not barristers. The solicitors hire the barristers to represent their clients in superior court (high court) if that step is needed. Solicitors are allowed to represent clients in magistrate or county court. Since 2004, if a solicitor has enough experience, they might be allowed to speak in superior court, but serious criminal or civil cases are much more likely to be handled by a barrister with extensive trial<\/span> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">experience.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">*Source of murder\/manslaughter information: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nolo.com\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">www.nolo.com<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Burglary or robbery?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wprm-recipe-roundup-name":"","wprm-recipe-roundup-description":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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